Francine Graham and the 2019 Jersey City Kosher Market Massacre
Overview
Francine Graham was one of two attackers responsible for a deadly, antisemitic shooting rampage in Jersey City, New Jersey, on December 10, 2019. Graham, 50, carried out the attack with her partner, 47-year-old David Nathaniel Anderson. Their crimes included the killing of a police detective at Bayview Cemetery and a targeted assault on the JC Kosher Supermarket, where three civilians were murdered. Graham and Anderson were killed by police after an extended gun battle that lasted for several hours.
Investigators determined that the pair deliberately selected the kosher market because of its connection to Jersey City's Orthodox Jewish community. New Jersey authorities characterized the violence as an act of domestic terrorism motivated by antisemitism and hostility toward law enforcement. Evidence recovered after the attack suggested that Graham and Anderson possessed enough weapons, ammunition, protective equipment and explosive material to cause considerably more casualties.
Francine Graham's Background
Francine Graham had previously lived in Jersey City and worked as a home health aide. People who had known her described a significant change in her behavior during the period before the massacre. She had become closely involved with Anderson, who promoted extremist beliefs and posted antisemitic and anti-police material online. Authorities did not identify the pair as official members of a larger organization, although their writings and statements reflected ideas associated with an extremist branch of the Black Hebrew Israelite movement.
Graham and Anderson were living in a van and moving between locations before the attack. Investigators later reconstructed a series of violent incidents involving the couple during December 2019. The evidence indicated that the Jersey City massacre was not a spontaneous confrontation. The pair had accumulated firearms, large quantities of ammunition, tactical equipment and materials capable of being used in explosive devices.
December 3 Attack on a Jewish Motorist
On December 3, 2019, one week before the Jersey City massacre, someone fired two shots at a vehicle traveling along U.S. Route 1/9 near Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey. The driver was visibly identifiable as Jewish. One of the bullets shattered the vehicle's rear window, but the motorist escaped without being killed.
Investigators later connected a firearm associated with Graham and Anderson to that shooting through ballistic evidence. Graham's cellular telephone was also determined to have been in the area. Authorities viewed the incident as an earlier targeted act of antisemitic violence and part of the sequence of crimes leading to the December 10 attack.
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