William Henry “Billy” Miller, a 39-year-old White male and the sheriff of Weston County, rode into the country around Lightning Creek in late October 1903 after reports that Oglala Sioux traveling from the Pine Ridge Reservation had been killing game and livestock. Trouble had already been brewing for days. Miller had tried to make arrests before the final clash, but the situation was tangled by arguments over treaty hunting rights, state game laws, and the insistence by the Indians that the
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